SOLUBILITY PRODUCT CONSTANTS
Solubility product constant (Ksp) (or the solubility product) is the product of the molar concentrations of the constituent ions, each raised to the power of its stoichiometric coefficient in the equilibrium equation.
For instance, if a compound AaBb is in equilibrium with its solution
AaBb(s) → aA+ + bB
the solubility product is given by
Ksp(AaBb) = [A+]a∙[B-]b
The value of the solubility constant depends only on temperature for a given salt. The Ksp values are indicators of the solubility of compounds. A small value of Ksp indicates a insoluble substance.
| Compound | Formula | Ksp (25 °C) |
|---|---|---|
| Aluminium hydroxide | Al(OH)3 | 3×10-34 |
| Aluminium phosphate | AlPO4 | 9.84×10-21 |
| Barium bromate | Ba(BrO3)2 | 2.43×10-4 |
| Barium carbonate | BaCO3 | 2.58×10-9 |
| Barium chromate | BaCrO4 | 1.17×10-10 |
| Barium fluoride | BaF2 | 1.84×10-7 |
| Barium hydroxide octahydrate | Ba(OH)2×8H2O | 2.55×10-4 |
| Barium iodate | Ba(IO3)2 | 4.01×10-9 |
| Barium iodate monohydrate | Ba(IO3)2×H2O | 1.67×10-9 |
| Barium molybdate | BaMoO4 | 3.54×10-8 |
| Barium nitrate | Ba(NO3)2 | 4.64×10-3 |
| Barium selenate | BaSeO4 | 3.40×10-8 |
| Barium sulfate | BaSO4 | 1.08×10-10 |
| Barium sulfite | BaSO3 | 5.0×10-10 |
| Beryllium hydroxide | Be(OH)2 | 6.92×10-22 |
| Bismuth arsenate | BiAsO4 | 4.43×10-10 |
| Bismuth iodide | BiI | 7.71×10-19 |
| Cadmium arsenate | Cd3(AsO4)2 | 2.2×10-33 |
| Cadmium carbonate | CdCO3 | 1.0×10-12 |
| Cadmium fluoride | CdF2 | 6.44×10-3 |
| Cadmium hydroxide | Cd(OH)2 | 7.2×10-15 |
| Cadmium iodate | Cd(IO3)2 | 2.5×10-8 |
| Cadmium oxalate trihydrate | CdC2O4×3H2O | 1.42×10-8 |
| Cadmium phosphate | Cd3(PO4)2 | 2.53×10-33 |
| Cadmium sulfide | CdS | 1×10-27 |
| Caesium perchlorate | CsClO4 | 3.95×10-3 |
| Caesium periodate | CsIO4 | 5.16×10-6 |
| Calcium carbonate (aragonite) | CaCO3 | 6.0×10-9 |
| Calcium carbonate (calcite) | CaCO3 | 3.36×10-9 |
| Calcium fluoride | CaF2 | 3.45×10-11 |
| Calcium hydroxide | Ca(OH)2 | 5.02×10-6 |
| Calcium iodate | Ca(IO3)2 | 6.47×10-6 |
| Calcium iodate hexahydrate | Ca(IO3)2×6H2O | 7.10×10-7 |
| Calcium molybdate | CaMoO | 1.46×10-8 |
| Calcium oxalate monohydrate | CaC2O4×H2O | 2.32×10-9 |
| Calcium phosphate | Ca3(PO4)2 | 2.07×10-33 |
| Calcium sulfate | CaSO4 | 4.93×10-5 |
| Calcium sulfate dihydrate | CaSO4×2H2O | 3.14×10-5 |
| Calcium sulfate hemihydrate | CaSO4×0.5H2O | 3.1×10-7 |
| Cobalt(II) arsenate | Co3(AsO4)2 | 6.80×10-29 |
| Cobalt(II) carbonate | CoCO3 | 1.0×10-10 |
| Cobalt(II) hydroxide (blue) | Co(OH)2 | 5.92×10-15 |
| Cobalt(II) iodate dihydrate | Co(IO3)2×2H2O | 1.21×10-2 |
| Cobalt(II) phosphate | Co3(PO4)2 | 2.05×10-35 |
| Cobalt(II) sulfide (alpha) | CoS | 5×10-22 |
| Cobalt(II) sulfide (beta) | CoS | 3×10-26 |
| Copper(I) bromide | CuBr | 6.27×10-9 |
| Copper(I) chloride | CuCl | 1.72×10-7 |
| Copper(I) cyanide | CuCN | 3.47×10-20 |
| Copper(I) hydroxide | Cu2O | 2×10-15 |
| Copper(I) iodide | CuI | 1.27×10-12 |
| Copper(I) thiocyanate | CuSCN | 1.77×10-13 |
| Copper(II) arsenate | Cu3(AsO4)2 | 7.95×10-36 |
| Copper(II) hydroxide | Cu(OH)2 | 4.8×10-20 |
| Copper(II) iodate monohydrate | Cu(IO3)2×H2O | 6.94×10-8 |
| Copper(II) oxalate | CuC2O4 | 4.43×10-10 |
| Copper(II) phosphate | Cu3(PO4)2 | 1.40×10-37 |
| Copper(II) sulfide | CuS | 8×10-37 |
| Europium(III) hydroxide | Eu(OH)3 | 9.38×10-27 |
| Gallium(III) hydroxide | Ga(OH)3 | 7.28×10-36 |
| Iron(II) carbonate | FeCO3 | 3.13×10-11 |
| Iron(II) fluoride | FeF2 | 2.36×10-6 |
| Iron(II) hydroxide | Fe(OH)2 | 4.87×10-17 |
| Iron(II) sulfide | FeS | 8×10-19 |
| Iron(III) hydroxide | Fe(OH)3 | 2.79×10-39 |
| Iron(III) phosphate dihydrate | FePO4×2H2O | 9.91×10-16 |
| Lanthanum iodate | La(IO3)3 | 7.50×10-12 |
| Lead(II) bromide | PbBr2 | 6.60×10-6 |
| Lead(II) carbonate | PbCO3 | 7.40×10-14 |
| Lead(II) chloride | PbCl2 | 1.70×10-5 |
| Lead(II) chromate | PbCrO4 | 3×10-13 |
| Lead(II) fluoride | PbF2 | 3.3×10-8 |
| Lead(II) hydroxide | Pb(OH)2 | 1.43×10-20 |
| Lead(II) iodate | Pb(IO3)2 | 3.69×10-13 |
| Lead(II) iodide | PbI2 | 9.8×10-9 |
| Lead(II) oxalate | PbC2O4 | 8.5×10-9 |
| Lead(II) selenate | PbSeO4 | 1.37×10-7 |
| Lead(II) sulfate | PbSO4 | 2.53×10-8 |
| Lead(II) sulfide | PbS | 3×10-28 |
| Lithium carbonate | Li2CO3 | 8.15×10-4 |
| Lithium fluoride | LiF | 1.84×10-3 |
| Lithium phosphate | Li3PO4 | 2.37×10-4 |
| Magnesium ammonium phosphate | MgNH4PO4 | 3×10-13 |
| Magnesium carbonate | MgCO3 | 6.82×10-6 |
| Magnesium carbonate pentahydrate | MgCO3×5H2O | 3.79×10-6 |
| Magnesium carbonate trihydrate | MgCO3×3H2O | 2.38×10-6 |
| Magnesium fluoride | MgF2 | 5.16×10-11 |
| Magnesium hydroxide | Mg(OH)2 | 5.61×10-12 |
| Magnesium oxalate dihydrate | MgC2O4×2H2O | 4.83×10-6 |
| Magnesium phosphate | Mg3(PO4)2 | 1.04×10-24 |
| Manganese(II) carbonate | MnCO3 | 2.24×10-11 |
| Manganese(II) hydroxide | Mn(OH)2 | 2×10-13 |
| Manganese(II) iodate | Mn(IO3)2 | 4.37×10-7 |
| Manganese(II) oxalate dihydrate | MnC2O4×2H2O | 1.70×10-7 |
| Manganese(II) sulfide (green) | MnS | 3×10-14 |
| Manganese(II) sulfide (pink) | MnS | 3×10-11 |
| Mercury(I) bromide | Hg2Br2 | 6.40×10-23 |
| Mercury(I) carbonate | Hg2CO3 | 3.6×10-17 |
| Mercury(I) chloride | Hg2Cl2 | 1.43×10-18 |
| Mercury(I) fluoride | Hg2F2 | 3.10×10-6 |
| Mercury(I) iodide | Hg2I2 | 5.2×10-29 |
| Mercury(I) oxalate | Hg2C2O4 | 1.75×10-13 |
| Mercury(I) sulfate | Hg2SO4 | 6.5×10-7 |
| Mercury(I) thiocyanate | Hg2(SCN)2 | 3.2×10-20 |
| Mercury(II) bromide | HgBr2 | 6.2×10-20 |
| Mercury(II) hydroxide | HgO | 3.6×10-26 |
| Mercury(II) iodide | HgI2 | 2.9×10-29 |
| Mercury(II) sulfide (black) | HgS | 2×10-53 |
| Mercury(II) sulfide (red) | HgS | 2×10-54 |
| Neodymium carbonate | Nd2(CO3)3 | 1.08×10-33 |
| Nickel(II) carbonate | NiCO3 | 1.42×10-7 |
| Nickel(II) hydroxide | Ni(OH)2 | 5.48×10-16 |
| Nickel(II) iodate | Ni(IO3)2 | 4.71×10-5 |
| Nickel(II) phosphate | Ni3(PO4)2 | 4.74×10-32 |
| Nickel(II) sulfide (alpha) | NiS | 4×10-20 |
| Nickel(II) sulfide (beta) | NiS | 1.3×10-25 |
| Palladium(II) thiocyanate | Pd(SCN)2 | 4.39×10-23 |
| Potassium hexachloroplatinate | K2PtCl6 | 7.48×10-6 |
| Potassium perchlorate | KClO4 | 1.05×10-2 |
| Potassium periodate | KIO4 | 3.71×10-4 |
| Praseodymium hydroxide | Pr(OH)3 | 3.39×10-24 |
| Radium iodate | Ra(IO3)2 | 1.16×10-9 |
| Radium sulfate | RaSO4 | 3.66×10-11 |
| Rubidium perchlorate | RuClO4 | 3.00×10-3 |
| Scandium fluoride | ScF3 | 5.81×10-24 |
| Scandium hydroxide | Sc(OH)3 | 2.22×10-31 |
| Silver(I) acetate | AgCH3COO | 1.94×10-3 |
| Silver(I) arsenate | Ag3AsO4 | 1.03×10-22 |
| Silver(I) bromate | AgBrO3 | 5.38×10-5 |
| Silver(I) bromide | AgBr | 5.35×10-13 |
| Silver(I) carbonate | Ag2CO3 | 8.46×10-12 |
| Silver(I) chloride | AgCl | 1.77×10-10 |
| Silver(I) chromate | Ag2CrO4 | 1.12×10-12 |
| Silver(I) cyanide | AgCN | 5.97×10-17 |
| Silver(I) iodate | AgIO3 | 3.17×10-8 |
| Silver(I) iodide | AgI | 8.52×10-17 |
| Silver(I) oxalate | Ag2C2O4 | 5.40×10-12 |
| Silver(I) phosphate | Ag3PO4 | 8.89×10-17 |
| Silver(I) sulfate | Ag2SO4 | 1.20×10-5 |
| Silver(I) sulfide | Ag2S | 8×10-51 |
| Silver(I) sulfite | Ag2SO3 | 1.50×10-14 |
| Silver(I) thiocyanate | AgSCN | 1.03×10-12 |
| Strontium arsenate | Sr3(AsO4)2 | 4.29×10-19 |
| Strontium carbonate | SrCO3 | 5.60×10-10 |
| Strontium fluoride | SrF2 | 4.33×10-9 |
| Strontium iodate | Sr(IO3)2 | 1.14×10-7 |
| Strontium iodate hexahydrate | Sr(IO3)2×6H2O | 4.55×10-7 |
| Strontium iodate monohydrate | Sr(IO3)2×H2O | 3.77×10-7 |
| Strontium oxalate | SrC2O4 | 5×10-8 |
| Strontium sulfate | SrSO4 | 3.44×10-7 |
| Thallium(I) bromate | TlBrO3 | 1.10×10-4 |
| Thallium(I) bromide | TlBr | 3.71×10-6 |
| Thallium(I) chloride | TlCl | 1.86×10-4 |
| Thallium(I) chromate | Tl2CrO4 | 8.67×10-13 |
| Thallium(I) hydroxide | Tl(OH)3 | 1.68×10-44 |
| Thallium(I) iodate | TlIO3 | 3.12×10-6 |
| Thallium(I) iodide | TlI | 5.54×10-8 |
| Thallium(I) sulfide | Tl2S | 6×10-22 |
| Thallium(I) thiocyanate | TlSCN | 1.57×10-4 |
| Tin(II) hydroxide | Sn(OH)2 | 5.45×10-27 |
| Yttrium carbonate | Y2(CO3)3 | 1.03×10-31 |
| Yttrium fluoride | YF3 | 8.62×10-21 |
| Yttrium hydroxide | Y(OH)3 | 1.00×10-22 |
| Yttrium iodate | Y(IO3)3 | 1.12×10-10 |
| Zinc arsenate | Zn3(AsO4)2 | 2.8×10-28 |
| Zinc carbonate | ZnCO3 | 1.46×10-10 |
| Zinc carbonate monohydrate | ZnCO3×H2O | 5.42×10-11 |
| Zinc fluoride | ZnF | 3.04×10-2 |
| Zinc hydroxide | Zn(OH)2 | 3×10-17 |
| Zinc iodate dihydrate | Zn(IO3)2×2H2O | 4.1×10-6 |
| Zinc oxalate dihydrate | ZnC2O4×2H2O | 1.38×10-9 |
| Zinc selenide | ZnSe | 3.6×10-26 |
| Zinc selenite monohydrate | ZnSeO3×H2O | 1.59×10-7 |
| Zinc sulfide (alpha) | ZnS | 2×10-25 |
| Zinc sulfide (beta) | ZnS | 3×10-23 |
Citing this page:
Generalic, Eni. "Solubility product constants." EniG. Periodic Table of the Elements. KTF-Split, 18 Jan. 2024. Web. {Date of access}. <https://www.periodni.com/solubility_product_constants.html>.
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