CALIFORNIUM

TRANSITION ELEMENT: ACTINIDE

Atomic number:	98
Group numbers:	3
Period:	7
Electronic configuration:	[Rn] 5f¹⁰ 7s²
Formal oxidation number:	+3
Electronegativities:	-
Atomic radius / pm:	186
Relative atomic mass:	-

Californium was discovered by Stanley G. Thompson, Kenneth Street Jr., and Albert Ghiorso (US) in 1950. Named after the State and University of California, USA. It is a synthetic radioactive metal and a powerful neutron emitter. Californium was made by bombarding curium with helium ions.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Density / g dm^-3:	-
Molar volume / cm³mol^-1:	-
Electrical resistivity / µΩcm:	-	(20 °C)

THERMAL PROPERTIES
Thermal conductivity / W m^-1K^-1:	-
Melting point / °C:	900
Boiling point / °C:	-
Heat of fusion / kJ mol^-1:	-
Heat of vaporization / kJ mol^-1:	-
Heat of atomization / kJ mol^-1:	175

IONIZATION ENERGIES
First ionization energy / kJ mol^-1:	607.86
Second ionization energy / kJ mol^-1:	-
Third ionization energy / kJ mol^-1:	-

ABUNDANCE OF ELEMENT
in the atmosphere / ppm:	-
in the Earth's crust / ppm:	-
in the oceans / ppm:	-

CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC DATA
Crystal structure:	hexagonal
Unit-cell dimensions / pm:	-
Space group:	-

ISOTOPES
Isotope	Relative atomic mass	Mass percent (%)
²⁴⁹Cf	249.074 85(2)	*
²⁵⁰Cf	250.076 41(2)	*
²⁵¹Cf	251.079 59(3)	*
²⁵²Cf	252.081 63(4)	*

REDUCTION POTENTIALS
Balanced half-reaction	E^o / V

97 Berkelium

←

98 Californium

→

99 Einsteinium

Citing this page:

Generalic, Eni. "Californium." EniG. Periodic Table of the Elements. KTF-Split, 18 Jan. 2024. Web. {Date of access}. <https://www.periodni.com/cf.html>.

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