Tb
Terbium
TERBIUM
TRANSITION ELEMENT: LANTHANIDE
| Atomic number: | 65 |
| Group numbers: | 3 |
| Period: | 6 |
| Electronic configuration: | [Xe] 4f9 6s2 |
| Formal oxidation number: | +3 |
| Electronegativities: | - |
| Atomic radius / pm: | 176.3 |
| Relative atomic mass: | 158.925 35(2) |
Terbium was discovered by Carl Gustaf Mosander (SE) in 1843. Named after Ytterby, a village in Sweden. It is a soft, ductile, silvery-grey, rare earth metal that oxidizes slowly in air and reacts with cold water. Terbium is found with other rare earths in monazite sand. Other sources are xenotime and euxenite, both of which are oxide mixtures that can contain up to 1% terbium. It is used in modest amounts in special lasers and solid-state devices. The price of 99.9 % pure terbium ingot is 266.30 € for 10 g.
| Density / g dm-3: | 8229 | (293 K) |
| Molar volume / cm3mol-1: | 19.31 | (293 K) |
| Electrical resistivity / µΩcm: | 116 | (20 °C) |
| Thermal conductivity / W m-1K-1: | 11.1 |
| Melting point / °C: | 1356 |
| Boiling point / °C: | 3230 |
| Heat of fusion / kJ mol-1: | 16.3 |
| Heat of vaporization / kJ mol-1: | 391 |
| Heat of atomization / kJ mol-1: | 390.62 |
| First ionization energy / kJ mol-1: | 565.77 |
| Second ionization energy / kJ mol-1: | 1111.52 |
| Third ionization energy / kJ mol-1: | 2114.01 |
| in the atmosphere / ppm: | - |
| in the Earth's crust / ppm: | 0.6 |
| in the oceans / ppm: | 0.0000014 |
| Crystal structure: | hexagonal |
| Unit-cell dimensions / pm: | a=360.10, c=569.36 |
| Space group: | P63/mmc |
| Isotope | Relative atomic mass | Mass percent (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 159Tb | 158.925343(3) | 100 |
| Balanced half-reaction | Eo / V | |
|---|---|---|
| 64 Gadolinium | ← | 65 Terbium | → | 66 Dysprosium |
Citing this page:
Generalic, Eni. "Terbium." EniG. Periodic Table of the Elements. KTF-Split, 18 Jan. 2024. Web. {Date of access}. <https://www.periodni.com/tb.html>.
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